shader_recompiler,video_core: Cleanup some GCC and Clang errors

Mostly fixing unused *, implicit conversion, braced scalar init,
fpermissive, and some others.

Some Clang errors likely remain in video_core, and std::ranges is still
a pertinent issue in shader_recompiler

shader_recompiler: cmake: Force bracket depth to 1024 on Clang
Increases the maximum fold expression depth

thread_worker: Include condition_variable

Don't use list initializers in control flow

Co-authored-by: ReinUsesLisp <reinuseslisp@airmail.cc>

src/shader_recompiler/backend/spirv/emit_context.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <climits>
 #include <string_view>
 
 #include <fmt/format.h>
@@ -116,7 +117,8 @@ void VectorTypes::Define(Sirit::Module& sirit_ctx, Id base_type, std::string_vie
         const std::string_view def_name_view(
             def_name.data(),
             fmt::format_to_n(def_name.data(), def_name.size(), "{}x{}", name, i + 1).size);
-        defs[i] = sirit_ctx.Name(sirit_ctx.TypeVector(base_type, i + 1), def_name_view);
+        defs[static_cast<size_t>(i)] =
+            sirit_ctx.Name(sirit_ctx.TypeVector(base_type, i + 1), def_name_view);
     }
 }